{"id":392,"date":"2015-06-01T11:56:04","date_gmt":"2015-06-01T11:56:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/blog\/?p=392"},"modified":"2025-05-02T13:56:17","modified_gmt":"2025-05-02T13:56:17","slug":"designing-actuators-for-the-military-industry","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/blog\/designing-actuators-for-the-military-industry\/","title":{"rendered":"Designing Actuators for the Military Industry"},"content":{"rendered":"<p align=\"justify\">Effective motion control actuation is a critical requirement for military applications. Linear actuators for the military industry need to perform under heavy loads for long periods of time. In terms of performance, the actuators should provide fast and efficient responses, smooth and accurate movements, while providing protection against environmental contaminants. They also need to provide flexibility, and should be easily integrated into systems. In this post, we shall look at designing a linear actuator for military applications.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/military-actuator\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-395 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/military-actuators-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"military actuators\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/military-actuators-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/military-actuators-1024x768.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Designing a Military Actuator<\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">The following points include the basic information that one needs to keep in mind when selecting linear actuators for the military industry:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h2><strong><span style=\"color: #800000;\">Select the Type of Actuator<\/span>:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p align=\"justify\">The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/products\/\">type of actuator<\/a> will make an immense difference to the application\u2019s success. Generally, manufacturers offer the following actuators for military purposes:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Electromagnetic Actuators<\/strong> \u2013\n<p align=\"justify\">These are low voltage devices that provide high stroke and actuation force. They are suitable for compact positioning effect.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Hydraulic Actuators<\/strong> \u2013\n<p align=\"justify\">Hydraulic actuators provide large amounts of force. They are primarily used for military vehicles such as tanks, trucks, and bomb loading equipment.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Electro mechanical Actuators: <\/strong>\n<p align=\"justify\">These provide precise control in terms of speed and motion. They are a popular choice for applications such as guns, turrets, and ground surveillance systems.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h2><strong><span style=\"color: #800000;\">Select the Technology<\/span>:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p align=\"justify\">Actuators can be designed with a variety of technologies to meet the application requirements. However, the two primary types are Acme and Ball screw technologies.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Acme Screw<\/strong> \u2013\n<p align=\"justify\">These consist of trapezoidal teeth and strong threads. The threads allow for efficient transmission of linear force to the actuator. This efficiency also prevents resistance to external loads.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ball Screw<\/strong> \u2013\n<p align=\"justify\">These comprise ball bearings in between the grooves of the threads to create linear motion. Ball screws can be designed in a variety of leads and diameters, and adjusted in numerous ways.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>Provide the Specifications:<\/strong> <\/span><\/h2>\n<p align=\"justify\">The success of a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/linear-actuators\/\">linear actuator<\/a> in an application depends greatly on it meeting the exact requirements. As a customer, you need to provide all the requirements that the engineers will need to design the actuator. This includes the application area, length, height, speed, and width. Environmental factors such as dust, grime, wind, and extreme temperatures should also be taken into consideration.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>Choose the Manufacturing Materials:<\/strong> <\/span><\/h2>\n<p align=\"justify\">The designers and engineers can suggest the optimum materials that will allow the actuator to provide the necessary level of performance in the application. Carbon or stainless steel can be used for the screw and primary body. Steel and aluminum are generally suggested for line shafting. Nylon and neoprene are options for the boots that protect the actuator tube.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>Design the Prototype:<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p align=\"justify\">To ensure that the actuator will perform efficiently in the final application, it is best to create an initial prototype for basic testing. Generally, designers utilize 3D CAD software to design the prototype. This will allow the engineers to understand the problems, choose an appropriate solution, and eliminate any discrepancy. Once the prototype is approved, the linear actuator is manufactured, tested, and sent for delivery.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<p align=\"justify\"><em>Learn more on this topic in our related blog: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/blog\/actuators-trending-military-defense-industry\/\">How &amp; Why Are Actuators Trending in the Military &amp; Defense Industry?<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<p align=\"justify\">Understanding the basic process of designing <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" title=\"Linear Actuators for Military Industry\" href=\"https:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/actuators-for-military-defense-industry\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">linear actuators for the military industry <\/a><\/span>can be extremely useful when looking for improved solutions to different types of military applications.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Effective motion control actuation is a critical requirement for military applications. Linear actuators for the military industry need to perform under heavy loads for long periods of time. In terms of performance, the actuators should provide fast and efficient responses, smooth and accurate movements, while providing protection against environmental contaminants. They also need to provide<\/p>\n<p class=\"more-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/blog\/designing-actuators-for-the-military-industry\/\" class=\"themebutton\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[53,12,52],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\r\n<title>Designing Actuators for the Military Industry - Venture Mfg. co. Blog<\/title>\r\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Find some points which need to consider while selecting actuators for the military industry. Get effective motion control actuation from Venture Mfg.Co. for military applications.\" \/>\r\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\r\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/blog\/designing-actuators-for-the-military-industry\/\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Designing Actuators for the Military Industry - Venture Mfg. co. Blog\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Find some points which need to consider while selecting actuators for the military industry. Get effective motion control actuation from Venture Mfg.Co. for military applications.\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/blog\/designing-actuators-for-the-military-industry\/\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Venture Mfg. Co.\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/venturemfgco\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2015-06-01T11:56:04+00:00\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-05-02T13:56:17+00:00\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/military-actuators-300x225.jpg\" \/>\r\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Venturemfgco\" \/>\r\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Venturemfgco\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\r\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/blog\/designing-actuators-for-the-military-industry\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/blog\/designing-actuators-for-the-military-industry\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Venturemfgco\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/9cd8516136292aa8d53b09f3fd538689\"},\"headline\":\"Designing Actuators for the Military Industry\",\"datePublished\":\"2015-06-01T11:56:04+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-05-02T13:56:17+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/blog\/designing-actuators-for-the-military-industry\/\"},\"wordCount\":546,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/blog\/#organization\"},\"keywords\":[\"actuators for military industry\",\"Linear actuators\",\"linear actuators for military\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Linear Actuator\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/blog\/designing-actuators-for-the-military-industry\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/blog\/designing-actuators-for-the-military-industry\/\",\"name\":\"Designing Actuators for the Military Industry - Venture Mfg. co. Blog\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/blog\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2015-06-01T11:56:04+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-05-02T13:56:17+00:00\",\"description\":\"Find some points which need to consider while selecting actuators for the military industry. Get effective motion control actuation from Venture Mfg.Co. for military applications.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/blog\/designing-actuators-for-the-military-industry\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/blog\/designing-actuators-for-the-military-industry\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/blog\/designing-actuators-for-the-military-industry\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/blog\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Linear Actuator\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/blog\/category\/linear-actuator\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Designing Actuators for the Military Industry\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/blog\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/blog\/\",\"name\":\"Venture Mfg. Co.\",\"description\":\"Venture Mfg. Co. is one of the most trusted and credible names in the industry for manufacturing Linear Actuators of supreme quality.\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/blog\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/blog\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Venture Mfg. Co.\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/blog\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/logo.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/logo.png\",\"width\":235,\"height\":61,\"caption\":\"Venture Mfg. Co.\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/venturemfgco\",\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/Venturemfg\",\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/venture-mfg-co-\/\",\"https:\/\/www.pinterest.com\/venturemfgco\/\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/9cd8516136292aa8d53b09f3fd538689\",\"name\":\"Venturemfgco\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1c71c99332bf4c56e8cad17ff6fcdbe3?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1c71c99332bf4c56e8cad17ff6fcdbe3?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Venturemfgco\"},\"description\":\"President\/CEO at Venture Mfg Co. - We are manufacturer of linear motion products in USA and well know as leader in linear motion technology since 1971 . We manufacture linear motion products such as linear actuators , commercial actuators, RV slide-out actuators, satellite actuators, solar tracking actuators, stepper motor actuators, DC gear motor, gearboxes , RV landing gear, couplers, cables and wire harness, custom actuators , cable assemblies and many more. Our standard products are designed to seamlessly integrate with your systems, and we can design custom linear actuators and other products meet your highly unique specifications.\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/blog\/author\/venturemfgco\/\"}]}<\/script>\r\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Designing Actuators for the Military Industry - Venture Mfg. co. Blog","description":"Find some points which need to consider while selecting actuators for the military industry. Get effective motion control actuation from Venture Mfg.Co. for military applications.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/blog\/designing-actuators-for-the-military-industry\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Designing Actuators for the Military Industry - Venture Mfg. co. Blog","og_description":"Find some points which need to consider while selecting actuators for the military industry. Get effective motion control actuation from Venture Mfg.Co. for military applications.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/blog\/designing-actuators-for-the-military-industry\/","og_site_name":"Venture Mfg. Co.","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/venturemfgco","article_published_time":"2015-06-01T11:56:04+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-05-02T13:56:17+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/military-actuators-300x225.jpg"}],"author":"Venturemfgco","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Venturemfgco","Est. reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/blog\/designing-actuators-for-the-military-industry\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/blog\/designing-actuators-for-the-military-industry\/"},"author":{"name":"Venturemfgco","@id":"https:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/9cd8516136292aa8d53b09f3fd538689"},"headline":"Designing Actuators for the Military Industry","datePublished":"2015-06-01T11:56:04+00:00","dateModified":"2025-05-02T13:56:17+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/blog\/designing-actuators-for-the-military-industry\/"},"wordCount":546,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/blog\/#organization"},"keywords":["actuators for military industry","Linear actuators","linear actuators for military"],"articleSection":["Linear Actuator"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/blog\/designing-actuators-for-the-military-industry\/","url":"https:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/blog\/designing-actuators-for-the-military-industry\/","name":"Designing Actuators for the Military Industry - Venture Mfg. co. Blog","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/blog\/#website"},"datePublished":"2015-06-01T11:56:04+00:00","dateModified":"2025-05-02T13:56:17+00:00","description":"Find some points which need to consider while selecting actuators for the military industry. Get effective motion control actuation from Venture Mfg.Co. for military applications.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/blog\/designing-actuators-for-the-military-industry\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/blog\/designing-actuators-for-the-military-industry\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/blog\/designing-actuators-for-the-military-industry\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/blog\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Linear Actuator","item":"https:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/blog\/category\/linear-actuator\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Designing Actuators for the Military Industry"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/blog\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/blog\/","name":"Venture Mfg. Co.","description":"Venture Mfg. Co. is one of the most trusted and credible names in the industry for manufacturing Linear Actuators of supreme quality.","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/blog\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/blog\/#organization","name":"Venture Mfg. Co.","url":"https:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/blog\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/logo.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/logo.png","width":235,"height":61,"caption":"Venture Mfg. Co."},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/venturemfgco","https:\/\/twitter.com\/Venturemfg","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/venture-mfg-co-\/","https:\/\/www.pinterest.com\/venturemfgco\/"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/9cd8516136292aa8d53b09f3fd538689","name":"Venturemfgco","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1c71c99332bf4c56e8cad17ff6fcdbe3?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1c71c99332bf4c56e8cad17ff6fcdbe3?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Venturemfgco"},"description":"President\/CEO at Venture Mfg Co. - We are manufacturer of linear motion products in USA and well know as leader in linear motion technology since 1971 . We manufacture linear motion products such as linear actuators , commercial actuators, RV slide-out actuators, satellite actuators, solar tracking actuators, stepper motor actuators, DC gear motor, gearboxes , RV landing gear, couplers, cables and wire harness, custom actuators , cable assemblies and many more. Our standard products are designed to seamlessly integrate with your systems, and we can design custom linear actuators and other products meet your highly unique specifications.","sameAs":["https:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com"],"url":"https:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/blog\/author\/venturemfgco\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/392"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=392"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/392\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2248,"href":"https:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/392\/revisions\/2248"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=392"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=392"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.venturemfgco.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=392"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}